Why do Catholics … celebrate four weeks of Advent?

Advent is the liturgical season that precedes Christmas. Advent begins on the Sunday closest to the Feast of St. Andrew (November 30) and lasts four Sundays. The First Sunday of Advent is also the first day of the new liturgical year.

Advent has a two-fold character:

as a season to prepare for Christmas when Christ's first coming to us is remembered; and

as a season when that remembrance directs our mind and heart to await Christ's second coming at the end of time.

Advent, thus, is a period of devout and joyful expectation.

Each Sunday in Advent has a distinct theme:

First Sunday – Hope

Second Sunday – Love

Third Sunday – Joy

Fourth Sunday - Peace

From the Catholic Encyclopedia

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